Unit 6:
Vulnerable Populations
Allan, B., & Smylie, J. (2015). First peoples, second class treatment: the role of racism in the health and well-being of indigenous peoples in Canada, discussion paper. Wellesley Institute. https://www.wellesleyinstitute.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Summary-First-Peoples-Second-Class-Treatment-Final.pdf
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This resource discusses the role of racism as a barrier in accessing quality healthcare. It also outlines the current responses and important critical next steps to address these issues.
Browne, A. J., Varcoe, C., Lavoie, J., Smye, V., Wong, S. T., Krause, M., ... & Fridkin, A. (2016). Enhancing health care equity with Indigenous populations: evidence-based strategies from an ethnographic study. BMC Health Services Research, 16(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-016-1707-9
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This paper outlines important strategies in promoting more equitable, responsive, and respectful Primary Health Care (PHC) for Indigenous populations.
Browne, A. J. (2017). Moving beyond description: Closing the health equity gap by redressing racism impacting Indigenous populations. Social Science & Medicine (1982), 184, 23-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.04.045
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This paper highlights the racial stereotypes about Aboriginal peoples that influence clinical practice and shared adverse care experiences. Indigenous-led research is advocated and understanding of the historical context of Aboriginal health inequities.
Chambers, L., & Burnett, K. (2017). Jordan's Principle: The struggle to access on-reserve health care for high-needs Indigenous children in Canada. American Indian Quarterly, 41(2), 101-124. https://doi.org/10.5250/amerindiquar.41.2.0101
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This resource contains information about Jordan’s principle which embodies the structural inequalities in the Canadian healthcare system and the current services gaps Indigenous children in Canada are experiencing.
Government of Canada. (2021). Health services and social programs for Indigenous peoples.
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This website stores information on Indigenous physical and mental health resources, child and family services, Nutrition for Northern Indigenous communities, non-insured health benefits and other services available for Indigenous peoples.
Government of Canada. (2021). Indigenous health care in Canada.
https://www.sac-isc.gc.ca/eng/1626810177053/1626810219482
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This document showcases the coordinated approach that the Canadian health care system in providing healthcare services to Indigenous groups. It outlines the structure across different levels of government across provinces and territories in Canada in relation to address the health needs of First Nations, Inuit, and Metis.
Phillips‐beck, W., Eni, R., Lavoie, J. G., Kinew, K. A., Achan, G. K., & Katz, A. (2020). Confronting Racism within the Canadian Healthcare System: Systemic exclusion of first nations from quality and consistent care. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(22), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228343
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This paper is a current study by the Innovation in Community-based Primary Health care Supporting Transformation in the health of First Nations and Rural/Remote Communities in Manitoba (iPHIT) project. It is a 5-year project aimed to work with communities in identifying the success factors for health program delivery from the perspective of First Nations. This paper identifies the root cause of racism, impacts of racism, and measures on how to eradicate racism for an equitable healthcare system.
Statistics Canada. (2013). Aboriginal peoples in Canada: first nations people, Métis and Inuit. National Household Survey, 2011, 1-23. https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/as-sa/99-011-x/99-011-x2011001-eng.cfm
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This is a good resource to get a good grasp of demographic information for Aboriginal Peoples in Canada.
Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada: Calls to action. (2015). Retrieved March 10, 2022, from https://ehprnh2mwo3.exactdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Calls_to_Action_English2.pdf
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It is important for health care providers to understand and learn about the TRC’s Calls to Action. This resource outlines the Calls to Action determined by Indigenous Peoples in order to address issues and guide policies and initiatives concerning Indigenous peoples to truly reach reconciliation.
Wylie, L., & McConkey, S. (2019). Insiders’ Insight: Discrimination against Indigenous Peoples through the Eyes of Health Care Professionals. Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities, 6(1), 37–45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-018-0495-9
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Discrimination against Indigenous people remains a challenge in health care. This paper proposes a quality improvement strategy that encourages health care organizations to be accountable in ensuring equitable health services for Indigenous peoples.